Network+ Certification Exam Tutorial: ARP and Proxy ARP Explained Computers Articles | September 5 Wholesale Ben McLemore Jersey , 2006

To pass the Network+ exam, you've got to master networking fundamentals, and two important fundamentals are ARP and Proxy ARP. Learn all about these important topics from Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933.



In yesterday's Network+ tutorial, we talked about the importance of Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) in today's networks. A host PC must have the MAC and IP addresses of a remote host in order to send data to that remote host Wholesale Ty Lawson Jersey , and it's ARP that allows the local host to request the remost host to send the local host its MAC address through an ARP Request.


The ARP Request is a layer two broadcast, and like all L2 broadcasts it has a destination MAC address of ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff. Switches forward broadcasts, but routers do not, which brings up a basic problem. If there's a router between two hosts, how can one possibly send an ARP Request to the remote host Wholesale Langston Galloway Jersey , since routers do not forward broadcasts?


That's where Proxy ARP comes in. For this example, let's assume that HostA is on a network segment connected to RouterA's ethernet0 interface, and HostB is on a network segment connected to RouterA's ethernet1 interface. HostA wants to send data to HostB, but doesn't have HostB's MAC address. An ARP Request from HostA will stop at the router - but with Proxy ARP, the router will actually answer the ARP Request with the MAC address of the router interface that received the ARP Request!


In this case Wholesale Rudy Gay Jersey , RouterA will respond to the ARP Request with the MAC address of it's own ethernet0 interface. This is transparent to HostA - when HostA sends data to HostB, the destination IP address will be that of HostB, but the destination MAC address will be that of RouterA's ethernet0 interface.

Since we've now discussed ARP and Proxy ARP, I do want to mention RARP - Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. RARP allows a host device to send a request for its own IP address, and this response will be answered by a RARP server. You don't see RARP that often anymore Wholesale Darren Collison Jersey , since DHCP does the same thing and much more, but you should know what RARP does. And if you're not sure what DHCP does - don't miss my next Network+ exam tutorial! Article Tags: Exam Tutorial, Remote Host


Beginners Guide to Mixed Martial Arts Exercise Sports Articles | May 6, 2011
MMA or Mixed Martial Arts developed greatly in recognition over the last decade. This demand the art has matured and seen a development of an unique list of rules, safety measures and greater pro refereeing. Years ago there were few standards Wholesale Zach Randolph Jersey , no safety equipment and no appointed exercise as fighters arrived from different MA styles to establish which was the most effective martial art around.


A lot has altered since the early MMA times, early followers you may remember Royce Gracie contending in the first UFC's, he did very well and was victorious three times, bear in mind that at the time there were no gloves or weight restrictions. It would be suicidal to fight nowadays in the UFC in BJJ GI!.

Nowadays not only a whole new set of rules have been introduced but also concerns to athlete's safety has increased. The most barbarous methods were made illegal and the use of appropriate bags like fingerless MMA gloves, groin guards as well as gum shields is now essential.

MMA training has also changed and in my opinion is a martial art of its own Wholesale Anthony Tolliver Jersey , with many Dojos and Gyms around the world providing specific MMA coaching. MMA training incorporates the 5 foundation techniques of Mixed martial arts..

Mixed Martial Arts Preparation

To engage in mixed martial arts coaching it's not essential to have a degree in any of the marial arts, begin with the basics and ensue each one of the basics as coaching progresses. An athlete who already has a rank or grade of position in let?s say brazilian jiu jitsu will no doubt have an advance over newbies.

MMA is one the most scientific and challenging pastimes here and now so be ready for exhausting training periods and a great deal of suffering to master it. Mixed martial arts fighters aren't regarded the best contending warriors without reason.

How to Start

Selection of your training ground is the most important initial consideration.

investigate, look at many gyms, and take your time.. My tip here is to do a couple of training sessions feel the atmosphere and if you feel comfortable training there go for it.

give in!


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